NCERT Class 3 Maths (Maths Mela) · Chapter 12

Give and Take

Adding and subtracting 3-digit numbers with hundreds, tens, and ones, box diagrams, money, and estimating to the nearest hundred.

📌 What you’ll learn in this chapter
  • Adding and subtracting using H, T, O blocks and number lines
  • Regrouping: 10 ones = 1 ten, 10 tens = 1 hundred
  • Drawing box diagrams for word problems
  • Using notes and coins: ₹1 to ₹500
  • Estimating and comparing without calculating

🌱 Let’s Begin: The Plant Nursery

Kishan Kaka has 245 plants in his nursery. He brings 38 more from the market. How many now? 245 + 38 = 283 plants.

Next day, the school takes 60 plants. 283 − 60 = 223 plants left. Give and take!

➕ Part 1: Adding 3-Digit Numbers

364 + 52

Ones: 4 + 2 = 6 · Tens: 6 + 5 = 11 tens = 1 hundred + 1 ten · Hundreds: 3 + 1 = 4

Answer: 4 H, 1 T, 6 O = 416

💡 On a number line 364 + 52: jump 50 (364 → 414), then jump 2 → 416.

➖ Part 2: Subtracting 3-Digit Numbers

230 − 75

Ones: 0 − 5? Not possible. Change 1 ten into 10 ones → 10 − 5 = 5.
Tens: now 2 tens − 7 tens? Not possible. Open 1 hundred → 12 tens − 7 tens = 5 tens.
Hundreds: 1 − 0 = 1. Answer: 155

⚠️ Common mistake Subtracting the smaller digit from the bigger one, wherever they are: 230 − 75 → “5 − 0 = 5” ❌. Always do top minus bottom, and regroup when needed.

📦 Part 3: Box Diagrams

Total: 230 saplings ordered
Packed: 75Still to pack: ?

If the total is known, subtract. If both parts are known, add.

💰 Part 4: Money

  • ₹500 = 5 notes of ₹100 · ₹100 = 2 notes of ₹50 = 5 notes of ₹20 = 10 notes of ₹10
  • Change: Reena buys things for ₹209 and pays ₹500. Change = 500 − 209 = ₹291.

🎯 Part 5: Estimating

Round to the nearest hundred: 156 + 34 = 190, which is close to 200. 765 − 567 = 198, which is close to 200.

✏️ Practice Time

Try these on your own first, then check your answer below each question.

Q1. 426 + 58 = ?
✅ Answer484
Q2. 500 − 138 = ?
✅ Answer362
Q3. How many ₹10 notes make ₹200?
✅ Answer20

📘 NCERT Textbook Activity Help

Hints and answers for the activities in the textbook, page by page. Try each one yourself before looking at the answer!

Page 150 · Snakes and number trains

Add and subtract patterns

✅ AnswerAdd 2: 334, 336, 338, 340, 342… · Add 5: 375, 380, 385, 390… · Subtract 5: 387, 382, 377, 372…
Add 6: 234, 240, 246, 252, 258, 264, 270 · Subtract 6: 357, 351, 345, 339, 333, 327, 321
Add 9: 288, 297, 306, 315, 324, 333, 342 · Subtract 9: 331, 322, 313, 304, 295, 286, 277
Pages 151–154 · Kishan’s nursery

Saplings

✅ Answer364 + 52 = 416 · 230 − 75 = 155 more to pack
1. 456 − 63 = 393 2. 309 + 80 = 389 3. 270 − 36 = 234 more
Box diagrams: 234 boys + 156 girls = 390 children · 356 books − 138 = 218 left · 305 − 210 = 95 sacks
Pages 155–156 · Number grid

Add 100, 10, 1

✅ Answer456 + 10 = 466 · 481 + 19 = 500 · 489 + 21 + 15 = 525 · 467 + 51 = 518 · 519 − 40 = 479 · 405 + 23 = 428
Add 100 / 10 / 1 to 269: 369, 279, 270 → keep going: 469, 289, 271 · for 454: 554, 464, 455 …
In Jadupur, people exchanged different amounts because the things had different values.
Pages 157–159 · Notes and coins

Matching and paying

✅ AnswerA milk bottle costs ₹50, and a whole basket of pomegranates costs ₹100, so a single pomegranate costs much less. The milk bottle costs more.
Matching: add up each group of notes and coins, then match groups with the same total (e.g. ₹50 + ₹50 = ₹100 note).
₹55 = 50 + 5 or 20 + 20 + 10 + 5 · ₹30 = 20 + 10 or 10 + 10 + 10 · ₹28 = 20 + 5 + 2 + 1 · ₹20 = 20 or 10 + 10
₹500 = 5 notes of ₹100
Pages 160–162 · Peter uncle

Earnings and change

✅ AnswerEarned since morning: 756 − 465 = ₹291 · Rice + sugar: 640 + 215 = ₹855
1. He earned ₹250 more on the next day, so by the second day he had earned 650 + 250 = ₹900. (If it means he earned ₹250 more than the first day, that’s 650 + 900 = ₹1,550.)
2. ₹291 3. 150 + 4 × 100 = ₹550 4. ₹725
Nearest hundred: 190 → 200 · 110 → 100 · 300 → 300 · 420 → 400 · 105 → 100 · 198 → 200 · 910 → 900
Pages 163–164 · Compare and cards

Without calculating

✅ AnswerMore: 373 + 40 · 240 + 10 · 890 + 60 (950 > 909) · 345 − 45 · 800 − 8
Equal pairs: 516 + 100 = 816 − 200 (616) · 615 − 200 = 400 + 15 (415) · 350 + 50 = 450 − 50 (400)
Cards 0–5: the biggest sum is 531 + 420 = 951, and the smallest difference is 301 − 254 = 47.
(a) 274 (b) 461 (c) 1,000 (d) 518 (e) 563 (f) 297

👨‍👩‍👧 Tips for Parents

  • Use play money for shopping games and practise giving change.
  • Ask your child to draw a box diagram before solving a word problem.
  • Round prices to the nearest hundred to estimate totals.
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