NCERT Class 3 Maths (Maths Mela) · Chapter 7
Raksha Bandhan
Multiplication as repeated addition, equal sharing (division), skip counting, times tables, and fun word problems.
📌 What you’ll learn in this chapter
- Multiplication = adding the same number again and again
- Division = sharing equally
- Skip jumping to build times tables
- Patterns in tables (like the 5 table ending in 0 or 5)
- Solving problems with multiplication and division
🎀 Let’s Begin: Making Rakhis
Priya wants to make 4 rakhis. Each rakhi needs 3 beads. How many beads does she need?
3 + 3 + 3 + 3 = 12. We can also say 4 times 3 = 12, and write it as 4 × 3 = 12.
✖️ Part 1: Multiplication
Multiplication is a quick way to add equal groups.
| Equal groups | Repeated addition | Multiplication |
|---|---|---|
| 5 plates, 2 idlis each | 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 | 5 × 2 = 10 |
| 3 boxes, 6 pens each | 6 + 6 + 6 | 3 × 6 = 18 |
💡 Order doesn’t matter
3 rows of 8 plants = 8 rows of 3 plants. So 3 × 8 = 8 × 3 = 24.
➗ Part 2: Sharing Equally (Division)
Mummy has 12 laddoos to share among 3 children. She gives one to each child, again and again, until none are left. Each child gets 4.
12 ÷ 3 = 4
Division is the opposite of multiplication: 3 × 4 = 12, so 12 ÷ 3 = 4.
⚠️ Common mistake
Sharing unequally. In division, everyone must get the same amount.
🐸 Part 3: Skip Jumping and Tables
Jump by 4 from 0: 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24… This is the table of 4!
- Table of 5 always ends in 0 or 5.
- Table of 10 always ends in 0.
- Table of 2 + table of 3 = table of 5 (2 + 3 = 5, 4 + 6 = 10…)
✏️ Practice Time
Try these on your own first, then check your answer below each question.
Q1. 6 + 6 + 6 + 6 = ___ × 6 = ?
✅ Answer4 × 6 = 24
Q2. 20 mangoes are shared by 4 friends. How many does each get?
✅ Answer20 ÷ 4 = 5
Q3. A car has 4 wheels. How many wheels do 7 cars have?
✅ Answer7 × 4 = 28
Q4. Continue: 7, 14, 21, __, __
✅ Answer28, 35
📘 NCERT Textbook Activity Help
Hints and answers for the activities in the textbook, page by page. Try each one yourself before looking at the answer!
Pages 82–85 · Making rakhisFlowers, threads, and beads
✅ AnswerEach rakhi needs 1 flower, 2 threads, and 4 beads.
5 rakhis: 5 × 1 = 5 flowers · 5 × 2 = 10 threads · 5 × 4 = 20 beads
10 rakhis: 10 flowers, 20 threads, 40 beads
With 30 of each: the beads run out first. 7 rakhis use 28 beads, so you can make 7 rakhis.
Pages 86–87 · Laddoos5 rakhis: 5 × 1 = 5 flowers · 5 × 2 = 10 threads · 5 × 4 = 20 beads
10 rakhis: 10 flowers, 20 threads, 40 beads
With 30 of each: the beads run out first. 7 rakhis use 28 beads, so you can make 7 rakhis.
Boxes and sharing
✅ Answer3 × 3 = 9 laddoos in a box · 6 × 3 = 18 · 18 shared among 9 = 2 each (18 ÷ 9 = 2)
Pages 88–91 · Kaju katli and pedasEqual sharing
✅ Answer20 kaju katlis ÷ 5 = 4 each · 16 ÷ 4 = 4 each · 15 pedas ÷ 5 = 3 each · 12 wheels ÷ 2 = 6 cycles
Pages 92–93 · Jalebis and plantsGroups
✅ Answer6 × 4 = 24 jalebis. For 9 people with 4 each, they need 9 × 4 = 36, so 24 is not enough. They need 12 more (36 in all).
Plants: both are correct! 8 × 6 = 6 × 8 = 48.
Pages 94–97 · Chickens and skip jumpingPlants: both are correct! 8 × 6 = 6 × 8 = 48.
Tables
✅ AnswerLegs of chickens (table of 2): 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20.
Jumps of 3: 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, 30. The next jump after 24 lands on 27. Dhara jumps 3 steps each time.
Jumps of 6: 6, 12, 18, 24, 30… (the table of 6). Table of 4: 4, 8, 12 … 40.
Gopal: count the size of his jumps on the number line, then continue from 27 by that same size.
Dhara’s numbers 32, 40, 48, 56 are jumps of 8, so the first numbers were 8, 16, 24.
Flower on 12: jumps of 6 (only 2 jumps). Numbers reachable only by jumps of 1 (no other equal jumps): 7, 11, 13 (and other such numbers).
Pages 98–99 · Tables and patternsJumps of 3: 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, 30. The next jump after 24 lands on 27. Dhara jumps 3 steps each time.
Jumps of 6: 6, 12, 18, 24, 30… (the table of 6). Table of 4: 4, 8, 12 … 40.
Gopal: count the size of his jumps on the number line, then continue from 27 by that same size.
Dhara’s numbers 32, 40, 48, 56 are jumps of 8, so the first numbers were 8, 16, 24.
Flower on 12: jumps of 6 (only 2 jumps). Numbers reachable only by jumps of 1 (no other equal jumps): 7, 11, 13 (and other such numbers).
Times-5 table
✅ Answer4 × 5 = 20 · 5 × 5 = 25 · 6 × 5 = 30 · 7 × 5 = 35 · 8 × 5 = 40 · 9 × 5 = 45
The 5 table ends in 5, 0, 5, 0… · 11 × 5 ends in 5 (55), and 12 × 5 ends in 0 (60).
Ending in 0: 2, 4, 6 (any even number) · Ending in 5: 1, 3, 7 (any odd number)
18 × 5 → 0 · 23 × 5 → 5 · 32 × 5 → 0 · 50 × 5 → 0
Table of 2 + table of 3 = table of 5, in every row. Similarly, table of 2 + table of 4 = table of 6.
Page 100 · Let Us DoThe 5 table ends in 5, 0, 5, 0… · 11 × 5 ends in 5 (55), and 12 × 5 ends in 0 (60).
Ending in 0: 2, 4, 6 (any even number) · Ending in 5: 1, 3, 7 (any odd number)
18 × 5 → 0 · 23 × 5 → 5 · 32 × 5 → 0 · 50 × 5 → 0
Table of 2 + table of 3 = table of 5, in every row. Similarly, table of 2 + table of 4 = table of 6.
Word problems
✅ Answer(a) 5 × 4 = 20 cookies (b) 6 × 4 = 24 idlis (c) 30 ÷ 5 = 6 each (d) 18 ÷ 6 = 3 (e) Different sizes, e.g. 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 4 + 4 = 18 (f) 56 ÷ 8 = 7 days (g) 5 × 7 = 35 given away, so 28 are left
2. (a) 36 (b) 4 (c) 42 (d) 9
Pages 101–103 · Spokes, spiders, and frogs2. (a) 36 (b) 4 (c) 42 (d) 9
Bigger problems
✅ Answer20 wheels × 5 spokes = 100 spokes (50 + 50) · 30 × 5 = 150 (50 + 50 + 50)
40 × 5 = 200 · 50 × 5 = 250 · 60 × 5 = 300 · 70 × 5 = 350 · 80 × 5 = 400 · 90 × 5 = 450 · 100 × 5 = 500
45 spokes → 9 wheels. That’s not enough for 10 wheels (which need 50). 60 spokes → 12 wheels.
Spiders: 5 → 40 legs · 10 → 80 · 15 → 120 · 23 → 184 · 32 legs → 4 spiders
Autos: 18 → 54 wheels · 34 → 102 · 36 wheels → 12 autos
Ants: 55 × 6 = 330 legs · 48 legs → 12 cows · 24 horns → 12 cows → 48 legs
Frog: jumps of 7 → the largest number before 50 is 49. Backwards from 50: 43, 36, 29, 22, 15, 8, 1, and then no more jumps are possible. To reach exactly 0, start from a multiple of 7 (7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49).
Pages 104–106 · Puri Beach and envelopes40 × 5 = 200 · 50 × 5 = 250 · 60 × 5 = 300 · 70 × 5 = 350 · 80 × 5 = 400 · 90 × 5 = 450 · 100 × 5 = 500
45 spokes → 9 wheels. That’s not enough for 10 wheels (which need 50). 60 spokes → 12 wheels.
Spiders: 5 → 40 legs · 10 → 80 · 15 → 120 · 23 → 184 · 32 legs → 4 spiders
Autos: 18 → 54 wheels · 34 → 102 · 36 wheels → 12 autos
Ants: 55 × 6 = 330 legs · 48 legs → 12 cows · 24 horns → 12 cows → 48 legs
Frog: jumps of 7 → the largest number before 50 is 49. Backwards from 50: 43, 36, 29, 22, 15, 8, 1, and then no more jumps are possible. To reach exactly 0, start from a multiple of 7 (7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49).
Money and sharing
✅ AnswerTwo wall hangings = ₹84 · 5 rabdi cups = ₹375. Give 4 notes of ₹100 and get ₹25 back.
Shells: 84 − 28 = 56 left, then 56 − 28 = 28 left. Yes, there are enough. 112 shells make 4 necklaces.
Try these: 1. 5 necklaces (85 shells used, 15 left) 2. 42 each (1 left over) 3. (a) 10 (b) 25 (c) 50 notes
Envelopes: 7 = 1 and 7 · 18 = 3 and 6 · 32 = 4 and 8 · 20 = 2 and 10 · 45 = 5 and 9
Shells: 84 − 28 = 56 left, then 56 − 28 = 28 left. Yes, there are enough. 112 shells make 4 necklaces.
Try these: 1. 5 necklaces (85 shells used, 15 left) 2. 42 each (1 left over) 3. (a) 10 (b) 25 (c) 50 notes
Envelopes: 7 = 1 and 7 · 18 = 3 and 6 · 32 = 4 and 8 · 20 = 2 and 10 · 45 = 5 and 9
👨👩👧 Tips for Parents
- Share fruits or biscuits equally and say the division sentence aloud.
- Count wheels on vehicles, legs on animals, and fingers on hands in groups.
- Sing or chant tables while skipping or clapping.